Algorithms for Obtaining Atmospheric Surface-Layer Fluxes from Scintillation Measurements

Obtaining surface energy fluxes from remotely sensed data

Land surface fluxes have been estimated from remotely sensed data at high pixel resolutions (approximately 60 m) with reasonable accuracy when compared to ground measurements (French et al., 2003; Kustas and Norman, 1999). The remote sensing input used to model land surface fluxes may consist of land surface temperature and a vegetation index. Remotely sensed land surface temperature estimates ...

a second order closure model for calculating the turbulence fluxes in atmospheric boundary layer

turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer are calculated using different models. one of the most popular and operational models in this groundwork is the second order turbulent model of mellor and yamada that has been widely used to simulate the planetary boundary layer (pbl). despite its popularity, it has been shown that this model has several weeknesses that affect its accuracy. the...

Turbulent Energy Spectra and Cospectra of Momentum and Heat Fluxes in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer

The turbulent energy spectra and cospectra of momentum and sensible heat fluxes are examined theoretically and experimentally with increasing flux Richardson number (Rf) in the stable atmospheric surface layer. A cospectral budget model, previously used to explain the bulk relation between the turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) and the gradient Richardson number (Ri) as well as the relation between...

Integrating Lidar and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements to Determine Fluxes and Dynamics of Particulate Emissions from an Agriculture Facility

Precise Measurements of Atmospheric Muon Fluxes with the BESS Spectrometer

The vertical absolute fluxes of atmospheric muons and muon charge ratio have been measured precisely at different geomagnetic locations by using the BESS spectrometer. The observations had been performed at sea level (30 m above sea level) in Tsukuba, Japan, and at 360 m above sea level in Lynn Lake, Canada. The vertical cutoff rigidities in Tsukuba (36.2◦N ,140.1◦E) and in Lynn Lake (56.5◦N ,1...